中国草鱼和泰国草鱼利用牧草作食饵的比较     

邵庆均 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1995,(1)

通过对中国草鱼（Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｎｉｄｅｌｌａ）和泰国草鱼（Ｐｕｎｔｉｕｓｇｏｎｉｏｎｏｔｕｓ）分别在常规的尼罗罗非鱼（Ｏｒｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｓ，ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ）、鲤鱼（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ）和黑鱼（Ｃｈａｎｎａｓｔｒｉａｔａ）混养体系中养殖７个月，比较两者对牧草（Ｂｒａｃｈｉａｒｉａｍｕｔｉｃａ）的利用效果。试验结果表明，中国草鱼与泰国草鱼相比，无论是每尾体重，还是每尾体长、平均每尾日增重都有明显优势（Ｐ＜０．０５）．而且，放养３个月后，中国草鱼每尾体重和每尾日增重均极显著地优于泰国草鱼（Ｐ＜０．０１）．中国草鱼和泰国草鱼的年产量分别为２１８６ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２，１２３３ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２．中国草鱼的成活率比泰国草鱼低，两者分别为３８％和８６％。  相似文献   

硝酸银在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用     

王亚琴  梁承邺 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,31(2)

以籼稻、粳稻两种类型的成熟种子为外植体研究了不同浓度的AgNO3在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用。结果表明，在农杆菌转化前添加AgNO3可以提高愈伤组织诱导率，最适浓度为8～10mg／L，但对愈伤组织的分化没有明显促进作用；转化后添加低浓度的AgNO3可以减轻愈伤组织的褐化，提高抗性愈伤率和绿苗分化率，最适浓度为2-8mg／L。同时发现，无论是转化前还是转化后，添加高浓度的AgNO3对水稻愈伤组织的分化均具有毒害作用。  相似文献   

银皖鲫生物学的初步研究     

王世恒  杜刚  祝景怀  金长勋  屈艳阳  任秀苹 《水产学杂志》2004,17(1):42-45

银皖鲫是以方正银鲫作母本，草鱼作父本，进行远缘杂交培育的新型鲫鱼品种，具有适应性强、生长快、食性广、易饲养、耐低氧、抗病力强等特点，是池塘养殖的优良品种。  相似文献   

Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. F. Carnegie †  J. W. Choiseul  A. M. I. Roberts 《Plant pathology》2003,52(1):13-21

The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes , determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani , infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils.  相似文献   

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响     

刘洋  凌去非  王磊  王大鹏  佟广军 《水产养殖》2011,32(7):13-15

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。  相似文献   

Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations     

Ning Xu  Yu Fu  Fang Chen  Yongtao Liu  Jing Dong  Yibin Yang  Shun Zhou  Qiuhong Yang  Xiaohui Ai 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):86-92

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (K_α), the absorption half‐life (t_{1/2 Kα}), the elimination rate constant (K_e), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC_0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (V_SS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC_0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h^?1 kg^?1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.  相似文献   

双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴志新  覃江凤  陈孝煊  刘明典  史则超  彭健 《华中农业大学学报》2006,25(4):426-430

以组织学方法,研究了投喂不同含量双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织的影响。结果表明:在试验的前28 d,双低菜籽粕各不同含量的日粮(17%、34%、51%、68%)对草鱼甲状腺、肝脏组织没有影响,但菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼肾小管上皮出现颗粒变性。第42天后,菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼甲状腺滤泡上皮轻度增生,滤泡结构不规则;菜籽粕含量等于或大于51%的试验组草鱼肝脏出现颗粒变性和空泡变性,肾小球有透明变性,肾脏轻度淤血。在试验的第28天,双低菜籽粕含量等于或大于52.2%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,肝细胞空泡变性,有轻微的肾小球透明变性。第42天后菜籽粕含量等于或大于34.8%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,滤泡胶质的边缘出现缺刻;肝脏出现淤血,部分肝细胞坏死;肾小球透明变性,肾脏淤血。  相似文献   

谷氨酸铜对罗非鱼和草鱼生长性能血清生化指标和体组成的影响     

李云峰  覃宗华  彭险峰  丁丽  唐娇  欧阳燕媚  肖灿 《中国饲料》2013,(18)

为研究谷氨酸铜制剂对罗非鱼、草鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标和鱼体组成的影响，选用180尾罗非鱼、135尾草鱼，分别随机分为3个处理组，每组3个重复，每个重复20或15尾。在基础饲料中添加五水硫酸铜作为对照组（10 mg/kg），试验组添加谷氨酸铜（高、低剂量组分别为10、5 mg/kg，按铜离子计），饲养8周。结果表明：与对照组相比，谷氨酸铜高、低剂量组罗非鱼的增重率分别提高3.9%和5.8%，草鱼的增重率分别提高4.0%和5.9%；罗非鱼特定生长率分别提高1.9%和3.3%，草鱼分别提高2.5%和3.5%；罗非鱼和草鱼的平均饵料系数分别降低7.6%和3.7%。两种鱼的血清生化指标及体组成各试验组间均无显著差别（P＞0.05）。由此可见，日粮中添加适量谷氨酸铜可提高鱼体的生长性能，且效果优于五水硫酸铜。  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):208-217

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.  相似文献   

Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States     

M. J. Weber  M. L. Brown  D. W. Willis 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(4):555-565

Weber MJ, Brown ML, Willis DW. Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 555–565. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widespread invasive species that is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite the circumpolar distribution of the species, limited information is available describing factors related to spatial variation in population characteristics. Eighty‐four lakes and impoundments in the upper Midwest United States were sampled to investigate the relationships of common carp relative abundance with size structure, condition and growth rates. We also investigated abiotic factors (lake morphology, physical solids and water quality) that may broadly influence common carp populations. Common carp size structure and condition were inversely related to relative abundance. Common carp relative abundance increased and size structure shifted to smaller individuals with increased lake depth, whereas lake surface area, watershed:surface area ratio and physical solids were also important in explaining common carp abundance and size structure. Common carp condition was best explained by water quality parameters and increased with metrics of lake productivity. We conclude that knowledge of factors associated with variation in common carp populations among lakes provides insights into the autecology and broad provisions for management of this generalist invasive species.  相似文献